IS THIS TRULY WOMEN'S LIBERATION????!!!???

Posted here on  25th March, 2014.

 

How Women Were Lured Out of the Home in the USA

By Areeba bint Khalid
Posted: 9 Jamad-ul-Awwal 1424, 27 June 2004

From the 1800s to the present day, family life in the West has remarkably changed. While the West calls this change part of the women freedom movement, a look at history may show otherwise.

America before the 1800s was a farming country and ninety percent of the population lived and worked on private farms. Households were mainly self-sufficient--nearly everything needed was produced in the house. The few things that could not be produced at home were bought from local craftsmen. Some other things, especially imports from Europe, were bought from stores. Males would take care of the fields and females would take care of the home. In addition, they would engage in spinning, knitting, weaving, and taking care of the farm animals.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began around the early 1800s, brought a major change to this way of life. In 1807, in the wake of the war between Great Britain and France, President Jefferson signed the Embargo Act, which stopped all trade between Europe and America. The Act meant that European goods would no longer be available in the US and Americans would have to produce them. One major European import to America was cloth, and so merchants used this opportunity to create a cloth industry in America.

In 1814, Francis Cabot Lowell, a man from Boston opened the first modern factory. Work here was to be done way faster than before. Instead of manually making things in houses, things were to be made at higher speeds in a factory and all stages of the work were to be completed under the same roof. Now what Lowell needed were workers. He found out that women, especially unmarried daughters of the farmers, were more economical to use in labor than men. They were also more willing to work as hired people in factories.

But Lowell had to make the working outside of home acceptable in a society which was not used to it. He assured parents that their daughters would be taken care of and kept under discipline. And he built a boarding community where the women workers lived and worked together.

Soon after, more and more factories emerged across America. Factory owners followed Lowell's example of hiring unmarried women. By 1850 most of the country's goods were made in factories. As production of goods moved from the country to the city, people too moved from the country to the city.

For money to be earned, people had to leave their homes. When women worked on the farm, it was always possible to combine work and family. When work for women moved outside the home, however, the only women who could follow it were those without family responsibilities or those who had no husband or no income. Likewise, the only women who could take care of their families were the ones that didn't have work.
This working out of home became a part of life for unmarried women. They would work until their marriage. But as time passed, women found family life interfering with their work life and instead of viewing working out of home as optional, they viewed family life as such. Many women started delaying marriage even more and some decided to stay single.
Married women however stayed home and dedicated their time to their children. Now that there wasn't any farm work to do, women had even more time to spend with the children. In 1900 less than about 5.6% of married women worked outside. If a married woman were to work, it would be considered that her husband was invalid or that she was poor.
World War I
The first major entry of married women to the workforce came during World War I in 1914. Men went to fight the war and the country needed workers to take over the jobs they left behind. Unmarried women were not sufficient for the labor needs, so employers started to invite married women too, to work. By 1919, 25% of the women in the workforce were married. But this was only the beginning.
Another change World War I brought was the entry of women to the army. About 13,000 women enlisted in the US Navy, mostly doing clerical work--the first women in US history to be admitted to full military rank.
Great Depression
The Great Depression came in the 1930s. The unemployment rate climbed from 3.2% in 1929 to 23.6% in 1932. Jobs became scarce for skilled people and men. Fathers went to search for jobs. Some, under despair, deserted their families. The responsibility of earning fell on mothers in many families.
Most women and children, however, found jobs more easily than men because of the segregation of work categories for men and women. Although 80% of men during the Great Depression opposed their wives entering the workforce under any circumstances, economic factors made it necessary for the women to work. Hours were long and pay was low. Twenty percent of white women were in the workforce.
World War II
World War II came in the early 1940s. Men were drafted to fight, and America needed workers and supplies. Again, the employers looked towards the women for labor. Unmarried and married women were invited to work, as had been done during World War I.
But still, public opinion was generally against the working of married women. The media and the government started a fierce propaganda campaign to change this opinion. The federal government told the women that victory could not be achieved without their entry into the workforce. Working was considered part of being a good citizen, a working wife was a patriotic person.
The government founded the Magazine Bureau in 1942. The Bureau published Magazine War Guide, a guide which told magazines which themes stories they should cover each month to aid war propaganda. For September 1943, the theme was "Women at Work". The slogan for this was "The More Women at Work the Sooner We Win." Magazines developed stories that glorified and promoted the placement of women into untraditional jobs where workers were needed. The idea was that if smaller, unexciting jobs were portrayed as attractive and noble more women would join the work force.
The media created Rosie the Riveter, a mythical character to encourage women into the workforce. Rosie was portrayed as a patriotic woman, a hero for all American women. "All the day long, Whether rain or shine, She's a part of the assembly line. She's making history, Working for victory, Rosie the Riveter… There's something true about, Red, white, and blue about, Rosie the Riveter."

The propaganda efforts worked. More than six million women joined the workforce during the war, the majority of them married women. In 1940, before the war, only 36% of women workers were married. By 1945, after the war, 50% of women workers were married. The middle class taboo against a working wife had been repealed.

Post World War II
The 1950s marked an era of prosperity in the lives of American families. Men returned from war and needed jobs. Once again, the government and media got together to steer the opinion of the public. This time, however, they encouraged women to return home, which shows that the women were brought out not for their freedom but because workers were needed.

But this effort was not as successful and was abandoned quickly. First, women from lower economic ranks had to remain in the workforce because of economic necessity. And second, there came the rise of consumer culture.

The baby boom took place during the 1950s as well. Women who returned home dedicated their lives once again to their children. But around the same time an important change had come in the American life. This was the spread of the television. By 1960, 90% of the population owned at least one set. Families would gather around the screen for entertainment. In the early days, everything including commercials was watched with great interest.

Most middle-class families could not afford the goods the television declared necessary to maintain or enhance quality of life with one paycheck alone. Many women returned to work in order to live according to "the American standard of living," whatever that meant to them.
The number of American women in the workforce from 1940 to 1950 increased by nine percent. From 1930 to 1940 there had only been a three percent increase.
Effects

As mothers returned to work, the television became the most important caretaker of a child. Children in the 1950s spent most of their non-sleeping hours in front of the television screen.

In 1940, less than 8.6% of mothers with children under eighteen worked. By 1987, 60.2% of women with children under eighteen were working.
As wives assumed larger roles in their family's financial support, they felt justified in demanding that husbands perform more childcare and housework. Across the years, divorce rates doubled reaching a level where at least 1 out of 2 marriages was expected to end in divorce. Marriage rates and birthrates declined. The number of single parent families rapidly increased. People grew unhappy with their lives, when compared to the lives of people on television.

Women working affected the society in many different ways. The first and most important of these was that children with working mothers were left alone without the care of a mother. As the number of working women increased, the number of children growing up unsupervised increased, and with this increased crime among teens.

Since most women placed their career ahead of family life, family life was greatly affected since unmarried women were generally able to make more money than married ones. For example, according to a study by a Harvard economist, women physicians who were unmarried and had no children earned thirteen percent more per year than those who were married and fifteen percent more than those with children.
Today

The majority of women still work at the lower levels of the economic pyramid. Most are employed in clerical positions, factory work, retail sales, or service jobs. Around 50% of the workforce is female. While about 78% of all cashiers and 99% of all secretaries today are female, only 31% of managers and administrators are female. Equality in the workplace has been a mirage but it has conned millions of women into leaving their homes and destroying the family structure.

It was only when economic or political factors made it necessary to get more workers that women were called to work. The Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression, and the World Wars, all the major events which increased the proportion of women workers, were times when the capitalists required more workers in order to be successful in their plans and so they used women.

The move of women from home to the public workforce has been gradual. First poor women went. Then unmarried women. Then married women without children. Then married women without young children And then, all women. The same thing can be seen to be happening in developing countries around the world, as the West spreads its propaganda of freedom for women to work. The results of this move will probably be the same too.

Asma (RA) bint Yazid Ansarî came to Prophet Muhammad [PEACE BE UPON HIM]  and said: "O,  Messenger  of Allâh! You are dearer to me than my parents. The Muslim women have deputed me as their representative to talk to you on their behalf. Verily you are the Nabî of Allâh for both men and women. We stay for most part of our time within the four walls of our houses. We fulfill our duties as wives, bearing children for them and looking after their homes. And not withstanding all this, men excel us in rewards for things which we are unable to do. They perform their daily salât and weekly Jumu'ah in the masjid, visit the sick, attend the Janâza, perform Hajj after Hajj and participate in Jihad. We look after their property, bring up their children and weave cloth for them. Do we not share their rewards with them?"

Nabî addressing the Sahâbâh (RA) sitting around him, said: "Did you ever hear a lady asking a better question?" The Sahâbâh (RA) replied: "O, Nabî of Allâh! We never thought that a woman could ever ask such a question.

Nabî addressing Asma said: "Listen attentively, and then go and tell the ladies who have sent you that when a woman seeks the pleasure of her husband and carries out her domestic functions to his satisfaction, she receives the same reward as the men get for all their services to Allâh."

UTHIBITISHO WA MAKATAZO YA MWENYEZIMUNGU JUU YA USHOGA WA KAUMU LUT

Posted here Today 12/3/2014.

 

TMA  [TANZANIA]  WAUKATAA   USHOGA

 

Rais wa Tanzania Medical  Association [TMA], Dr Primus F Saidia, ametoa statement ndeefu (published in Jamhuri - Mdosi, naomba tupeperushie), kupinga ushoga, baadhi ya hoja muhimu ni hizi hapa:

MOSI: Kuzaliana - kama jinsia zitaoaana zenyewe kwa zenyewe watoto hawatozaliwa, mwisho wake binadamu tutamalizika.

PILI: Ushoga haulingani na mfumo wa maisha ya kawaida ya Mwafrika, tukiiga hivihivi mfumo wa Kimagharibi, kuna matokeo ya kisaikolojia na kisoshiolojia ambaye hayatabiriki.

TATU: ushoga unaleta ukimwi. Ukimwi ulizaliwa Magharibi kutokea kwa mashoga.

NNE: katika mapenzi ya kawaida wanawake wanapotaka mapenzi, mwili hujitayarisha kwa kuweka lubrication before and after the event. Kwa mashoga, wanaume wanaoingiliwa huwa hawana kinga hiyo kwa sababu hawana lubrication. Hii inatoa mwanaya wa maambukizi yasiyotabirika.

TANO: magonjwa ya zinaa kama kisonono na kaswende nchi za Magharibi yalishaisha, sisi yapo. Kisonono au kaswende kupitia njia za haja kubwa kwa mwanaume madhara yake yatakuwa makubwa na hayatabiriki.

SITA: magonjwa ya ini. Kuna ugonjwa unaitwa hepatitis A, B  na C. Virusi B na C huenezwa kwa njia ya damu, na virusi vya A huenezwa kwa njia ya mdomo na haja kubwa. Hepatitis A palepale inawaingia mashoga. Uchunguzi USA 1992 unaonyesha kuwa mashoga wana maambukizo 22% ya ini kuliko kawaida, ikiwemo kusinyaa kwa ini, kansa ya ini, na ini kushindwa kazi hadi kifo.

SABA: maradhi ya tumbo. Mashoga wanaathirika na ugonjwa uitwao GAY BOWEL SYNDROME kwa sababu ya khamisha bakteria kutoka sehemu moja ya utumbo kwenda sehemu nyingine ya utumbo wasikohitajika, huleteleza typhoid, herpetic ulcers, kanza ya maeneo ya mdomo na za eneo la haja kubwa.

NANE: je ushoga ni tabia ya kurithi au ya kuiga? Tofauti ya mwanaume na mwanamke ni hormones za kijinsia. Kila mtu ana homoni za kike na za kiume kwa kiasi mbalimbali, kwa wanawake homoni za kike ni nyingi zaidi na kwa wanaume hivyo hovyo lakini kwa asilimia tofauti tofauti. Kwa hiyo uwepo tu wa homoni za kike kwa mwanaume au za kiume kwa mwanamke si ajabu, na si sababu ya kusema uishoga unarithiwa. "UKWELI NI KUWA USHOGA NI TABIA ZA KUJIFUNZA KAMA TABIA ZINGINE ZOZOTE". Inaweza kuepukika kwa muhusika kuamua kuachana na msukumo. Ikumbukwe kwamba hata wanaume na wanawake wasio mashoga hupata hamu ya kujamiaana , lakini kwa kujizuia utawakuta wanajamiaana kwa utaratibu, kwa faragha, na si kusukumwa tu na hamu ya kutaka kujamiiana. Ni bahati mbaya watoto hujifunza mambo kama haya wakati wa kubalehe na kuvunja ungo. Iwapo mtoto ataanza kujifunza tabia ya ushoga ni vigumu kumrudisha kwa njia zingine, sawa tu na yule asiyefanya ushoga kumpeleka kwenye ushoga baadaye. TUNAWEZA KUEPUKANA NA TABIA ZA USHOGA KAMA TUKIWZA KUZUIA WATOTO WETU KUJIFUNZA USHOGA HASA KATIKA VIKUNDI NA SHULE ZA BWENI.

"Kwa kuhitimisha, nasema kwamba kwa upande afya ya kijamii, nchi zetu changa zina matatizo mengi ya kushughulika nayo. Mfani ni vifo vy watoto na kina mama, TB na mapafu, malaria, ukimwi na mengineyo mengi, bila kusahau magonjwa yasiyokuwa ya kuambukizwa kama kisyukari, presha, kiharusi na mengine lukuki. Wenzetu wa Magharibi walishayatokomeza ay kuyapunguza sana, ndiyo maana wanapata muda wa kujadili na kuyaendekeza masuala ya ushoga na pengine kuwakinga mashoga wao na maradhi. Sisi bado, tuliyonayo yanatutosha, hili la mashoga tuwaachie wao.

 

HONGERA   NYINGI   SANA KWA UTHIBITISHO HUU KUTOKA KWA WATAALAMU  WA TIBA NCHINI TANZANIA KUHUSU SUALA HILI LA  KUMKUFURU  MWENYEZI MUNGU.  [Mwenye Blogu]

DR. ASADU SEMWOGERERE HAS PASSED AWAY !!!

Posted here on 11/3/2014.

On Tue, Mar 4, 2014 at 6:32 PM, Abbey Semuwemba <abbeysemuwemba@gmail.com> wrote:

UK MUSLIMS MOURN DR.ASADU SEMWOGERERE DEATH IN BIG NUMBERS

Posted on March 4, 2014 by Uganda Muslim Brothers and Sisters

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late Asadu Ssemwogerere

COVENTRY- Hundreds of Uganda Muslims have been camping at Dr.Asadu Ssemwogerere’s house in Coventry, UK, who was pronounced dead after a period of suffering from a blood clot to his brain. A loss for all Muslims was the way the Secretary General of Uganda Muslims in the UK, Hajji Sula Kavulu described the news about Dr.Asadu Ssemwogerere’s death, asserting that the Muslim doctor will remain an example to those fighting for rights and welfare of Muslims.
‘’The Asadu I know and would like to remember was a humble servant of Allah. He studied at Makerere during my Patronship of MUMSA. It was during this time that I noted a remarkable person in the making. He was humble, respectful of elders, and yet very honest with his opinion. Even when he disagreed with you, you felt rewarded for his disagreement. He was a medical student, but he always found time for MUMSA work at Campus. It meant regularly crossing over from Medical school to join the mainstream discussions and Dawah activity at Campus,’’ Professor Abasi Kiyimba of the Department of Literature Makerere University said in a statement issued on March 1, and obtained by the UMBS.

‘’I also remember him very vividly in MUMSA Dawa trips in the countryside, the most memorable of which was the one of 1990 when we travelled together to the districts of Mityana, Mubende and Fortportal. He was the pioneer doctor on the Dawah countryside programmes sponsored by the World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY), treating both members of the Caravan and the local people. He had the calling of a natural doctor – always humble, never rushing or barking at patients, and very mindful of the impact of his decision on the patient.’’

Speaking at the funeral, the UMBS Administrator, Abbey Kibirige Semuwemba, said: ‘it’s unfortunate that I had not met Dr.Asadu before his death but he was a member of UMBS. A lot of messages have been posted since his death showing that he was a humble servant of Allah who respected elders. So, his death should be a lesson to those of us that are still alive. If you aren’t humble, find a way of making yourself humble. If you don’t respect elders, please so do so.’

The video below shows Semuwemba speaking at the funeral of Dr.Asadu Ssemwogerere who lived in the midlands:

http://youtu.be/NN2GulWfZFs

Among those in the audience was: Mr.Meddie Kakyama, Hajji Sulaiman Kavulu, Musa Mukwaya, Ibrahim Lwanyaga Kabanda, Ali Muwanda, Twaha Ddungu, Sheikh Kalantani, Mr.Saadi Kibirige Buwembo, Dr.Sadat Muhammad, Muhammad Mayanja, e.t.c,

‘‘We have been celebrating our Idi every year at Asadu’s house. He was also very active in Jamaat affairs of Muslims in the UK. His house door was always open to almost all Muslims in Coventry. The community has lost a dedicated Zaakir and will be remembered for a long time to come. He was a unique Muslim figure inside and outside his house’’, Mr.Twaha Ddungu, chairman of the Uganda Muslim Community in Coventry, remarked in one of his conversations with Abbey Semuwemba

‘Dr.Asadu,Dr.Luwaga and Dr.Jingo Ahmed used to run a clinic near Mbogo Mosque in Kawempe together before he left for UK. Whenever Dr.Jingo visited UK from USA, he spent some nights at Asad’s house as they had been friends for a long time’, said Saadi Buwembo from London.

A lot of Muslims expressed interest in joining the UMBS forum after Semuwemba’s speech. Some of them handed in their email addresses before he left Coventry on Sunday night.

‘’ The greatest wealth in being a member of UMBS is the chance to know fellow Muslims wherever you are and sharing ideas that will develop you as a person and the community’’, Semuwemba stressed.

Asadu has left a wife and four kids- the two eldest (boy and girl) are at university. Asad was born in Uganda and moved to UK around 1990, where he became a respected member of the Uganda community and a successful medical doctor.

According to a family source that prefers to remain anonymous at this point, Asad’s family in Uganda have allowed him to be buried in the UK.

Inna Lillahi Wa Inna Illaihi Raajiun. May Allah SWT Grant him Jannatul Firdaus and Give Sabr to the Family of brother Asadu.

BRITISH FUNERAL PROCEDURES - WONDERS WILL NEVER CEASE!

Posted here on 11/3/2014.

 

This article came from Uganda Muslim Brothers And Sisters  mailgroup.

 

BRITISH  FUNERAL  PROCEDURES

 

Brothers and sisters, Asalaam Alaikum.

 

Many friends have asked why it is taking so long for the late Dr. Asadu, a British Citizen of Ugandan descent; who passed away on Saturday 1 March, 2014, to be buried, even though it may no longer involve transporting the body abroad. Well, I was asking myself the same question until I ventured to find out. Indeed, the death of Dr. Asadu has provided me with a great learning experience into the way the system operates.

 

 There is a long activity of reporting the death to several agencies and getting clearances and confirmations of death. There are files to be closed and opened, sometimes requiring the hiring a lawyer to avoid going overboard with the process. But even when you hire a lawyer, there are certain things which have to be attended to by the family and friends, and especially the spouse or children.

 

First, the death has to be reported to the local authorities. You have to work with the family doctor or with the doctor who was in charge of the deceased up to the time of his/her death. The doctor will give you a medical certificate showing the cause of death.

 

After you have reported the death, you will be given a formal notice stating that they have signed the medical certificate and telling you how to get the death registered. Next, the state has to appoint a funeral director as in the case of Dr. Asadu who was British citizen, or you will have to hire one at your cost if you are a non-citizen.

 

Then you have to appoint a funeral director. If the person dies in hospital, as was the case with Dr. Asadu, the body will usually be kept in the hospital mortuary until the process has been completed and the funeral directors arrange for the body to be taken away.

 

You must register the death with the Registrar of Births, Marriages and Deaths for the district where the death occurred.

 

The registrar will need:

•  the medical certificate showing the cause of death, signed by a doctor

• the full name of the deceased person (and any other names he/she once had, such as a maiden name)

• the date and place of death

• the usual address of the deceased

• their date and place of birth

• their most recent occupation

• whether or not the deceased person was receiving a pension or other benefits

• the name, occupation and date of birth of their spouse

• the deceased person’s medical card or NHS (National Health Service) number

• the deceased person’s birth and marriage certificates.

 

The registrar will then give you:

• a certificate of registration of death

•a certificate for burial (known as the Green Form) which gives permission for the body to be buried.

• a death certificate, which you have to pay for.  

The death certificate will be needed for the will to be read, and any claims to be made for pensions, savings, dealings with banks and life insurance companies.

 

• If the deceased person left any money, property or other assets, these have to be evaluated to deduct the cost of the funeral (if necessary), as the funeral costs take precedence over any debts. Even banks may release money from the person’s account to pay funeral costs. Most funeral directors will ask for immediate payment.

 

Before you decide how or where a person will be buried, you must get answers to the following:

 

• The cost funeral director’s services

• The cost of burial materials such as coffin and cement where applicable

• The cost of transfer of the deceased person from the place of death

• The cost of care or the body before the funeral

• The cost of all the necessary arrangements and paperwork.

• Buying a new burial plot and burial fees

• Transport costs for the body (a body cannot be transported in ordinary vehicles).

 

You need to do the following:

 

•You need to notify tell the tax office of the death as soon as possible.

• The driver’s licence should be returned to the DVLA and the passport to the UK Passport Agency.

-You must also notify the following of the death:

- personal or occupational pension scheme providers

- insurance company

- bank and building society

- employer or trade union

- mortgage provider, housing association or council

housing office

- social services, or social work department in Scotland,

if the person was getting any community care services

or equipment

- utility companies such as gas and electricity suppliers

- The personal doctor (if he/she does know yet), dentist, optician and anyone else providing medical care.

• You should also register the name and address of the deceased person with the Bereavement Register. The Bereavement Register puts a stop to mail being sent to people who have died.

 

• You should report the death to the tax office so that the tax paid by the family can be reduced by 25%, and also to assess the deceased property to see whether the beneficiaries qualify to pay inheritance tax.

 

• It is indeed a detailed and sometimes complicated system. Even the citizens often find it tiring. And while all this is taking place, or at least most of it, the person cannot be buried. For the system, once someone has died, his burial cannot be treated as an emergency.

 

In addition to all the above, if the body is to be transported abroad, the additional costs are significant. The body itself costs about five times as much as a living person. In addition, the funeral directors accompany the body (up to Entebbe in our case) and hand it over to an ambulance. Even the airlines make special arrangements to properly package the body and to reserve a place where it can be transported as respectable cargo.

 

A few of the procedures are religion specific and may not apply to all, but nearly everything I have said above applies across the board.

 

I hope this throws some light on what may be taking place now.

Once again, I convey to all the Muslims of Uganda my condolences upon the loss of this very productive citizen and Muslim asset.

 

Abasi Kiyimba, PhD
Professor
Department of Literature
Makerere University &
Staff Senate Representative,
School of Languages, Literature and Communication

D N A - TANZANIA - ASILIMIA 40 YA WANAUME WANALEA WATOTO WASIO WAO

Imetundikwa hapa tarehe 11/3/2014.

TANZANIA -  ASILIMIA  40  YA WANAUME  WANALEA  WATOTO  WASIO   WAO 

Imetoka  STAR   TV,  MWANZA.

Asilimia 40 ya wanaume waliopima vinasaba ili kubaini uhusiano wa kibaiolojia na watoto wanaowalea, wamebainika kuwa watoto hao si wao licha ya kuzaliwa na wake zao au wapenzi wao.

Taarifa hiyo imetolewa na Ofisi ya Mkemia Mkuu wa Serikali kutokana na wanaume waliotaka kufahamu ukweli kuhusu watoto wao hadi Januari, 2014,  kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Vinasaba vya Binadamu Namba 8 ya mwaka 2009.

Kwa mujibu wa Mkurugenzi wa Usimamizi na Udhibiti wa Kemikali za Viwandani na Majumbani, kutoka Ofisi ya Mkemia Mkuu wa Serikali, Sabanitho Mtega, bado kuna tatizo la wanaume wengi kubebeshwa mzigo wa kuwalea watoto ambao si halali yao, licha ya kuaminishwa na wenzao wao kuwa ni damu yao.

Mtega, ametoa taarifa hiyo kwenye mahojiano na waandishi wa habari jijini Mbeya wakati wa Warsha ya siku Moja [ Machi 6, 2014] ya kuwaelimisha Wateja wa huduma za Mkemia Mkuu wa Serikali, lakini pembezoni mwa warsha hiyo, wanaume wanaona ni bora kulea mtoto bila ya kupima DNA kwani hatua hiyo ni hatari kwa uimara wa ndoa zao.

Hata hivyo, Mkuu wa Upelelezi wa Makosa ya Jinai mkoani Mbeya, Kamishna Msaidizi wa Polisi, Robert Mayala, amesema vipimo hivyo vimesaidia kutatua kesi nyingi za kubaini uhusiano baina ya baba na mtoto.

Warsha hiyo imewahusisha Waingizaji, Mawakala, Wasafirishaji, Wauzaji na Watumiaji wa kemikali na wadau wengine wa sekta hiyo wakiwemo TRA, Jeshi la Polisi, Madaktari na Waandishi wa Habari.

Source: Star TV

THE OLDEST UNIVERSITY IN THE WORLD IS IN FES, MOROCCO !!!

 Posted here today 11 March, 2014.

From:  http://www.yesiknowthat.com/university-al-karaouine/ 

University of Al-Karaouine – The Oldest  Muslim University in the World

Name: University of Al-Karaouine
Location: Fes, Morocco
Established in: 859 as a Mosque
Famous alumni:

• Ibn Khaldun (Historian, Economist and Sociologist)
• Leo Africanus (Author and Diplomat)
• Muhammad Allal al Fassi (Politician, Writer, Poet and Islamic Scholar)

While highly contested, the University of Al-Karaouine in Morocco is considered as the world’s first university and hence the oldest university.  The University is actually recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest degree-granting university in the world.
It was originally founded as a mosque with an associated mosque school (madrasa) which has been referred to as a university. The credit of its foundation goes to a woman called Fatima al-Fihri, the daughter of a wealthy merchant named Mohammed Al-Fihri, who along with many of their community migrated from Kairouan (from where the name of the mosque has come) in Tunisia to Fes in Morocco in the early 9th century. Fatima al-Fihri together with her sibling inherited huge wealth from their father, and Fatima had vowed to utilize her inheritance on the construction and running of a mosque for her community. The dynasties that followed continued to expand the Al-Karaouine mosque until it became the largest in Africa.

Image credit: Flickr ZL-Photography

The mosque, in addition to a mere place for offering prayers, was developed into a place for religious and political deliberations and instructions.  Gradually, the education programme was extended to a broad range of subjects, particularly the natural sciences, some of which include rhetoric, grammar, logic, music, medicine, mathematics, chemistry, history, geography, astronomy, etc.  Al-Karaouine has been and continues to be one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the Muslim world, was integrated into the state educational system in the year 1947 and acquired the status of a state university in the year 1963 by a royal decree, which brought it under the supervision of the ministry of education. With the introduction of various reforms such as modern curricula and textbooks, trained faculty, etc., Al-Karaouine was officially renamed “University of Al-Karaouine” in the year 1965.
While many hail the evolution of Al-Karaouine spread across a period of over 1000 years, there are other who dispute its institutional status particularly prior to World War-II, claiming that it started as a mosque school and its transformation into a full-fledged university took place only in the year 1963. UNESCO in contrast considers Al-Karaouine to have been a university since its founding.
Despite the debate, there is however no doubt that Al-Karaouine’s has produced numerous scholars and intellectuals who have strongly influenced the history of Muslim and Jewish worlds.

SMALL CHANGES FOR FASTER WEIGHT LOSS !!!!

 Posted on 11 March, 2014.

Small Changes for Faster Weight Loss

By The Editors of Prevention | Healthy Living – Fri, Mar 7, 2014 8:51 PM EST

Quadruple your weight loss by making one easy tweak to your routine per week
By Alyssa Shaffer, Prevention
If your goal is to lose weight and exercise more, forget the deprivation diet and marathon workouts. Research shows that taking baby steps--not giant leaps--is the best way to get lasting results.

A study published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine found that participants who made one small, potentially permanent change in their food choices and/or physical activity each week (such as drinking one fewer can of soda or walking 5 more minutes each day) lost more than twice as much belly fat, 2½ more inches off their waistlines, and about 4 times more weight during a 4-month program, compared with those who followed traditional calorie-restriction and physical-activity guidelines.
"When you focus on just a couple of small changes at a time, you begin to ingrain some healthy habits that last for a lifetime, rather than trying an all-or-nothing approach that more often than not fails because it's too hard to follow," says Lesley Lutes, PhD, an assistant professor in the department of psychology at East Carolina University.
We've uncovered 15 simple steps (with proven results) to help you move more, eat less, and look and feel better than ever. Add just one or two a week to your regular routine and you can lose nearly 3 inches off your waistline and be about 10 pounds lighter in a few months. Even better: Once these healthy habits become second nature, they'll benefit you for a lifetime.

RELATED: 7 Weight Loss Mistakes Even Healthy Women Make
1. Pick up a pen
Mindlessly munching on a bag of chips could result in easily polishing off the whole thing; write down how much you've eaten and you're more likely to practice portion control. Keeping a food log helps control extra calories in two ways: the combination of plain old reality check (I just ate 30 minutes ago!) and awareness that what you're putting in your mouth will soon be recorded for posterity. In a recent study, people who kept a food journal lost twice as much weight as those who didn't. When they combined it with a moderate diet and exercise plan, they lost an average of 13 pounds in 6 months. Journaling also gives you insight on your eating habits, says Dr. Lutes. Do you skip meals? Eat the same during the week as on the weekend? Binge when you're feeling stressed? "Knowing your routine helps you figure out what changes are right for you," she adds.
2. Skip through commercials
Get moving during your favorite TV shows. Skip, dance, go up and down some stairs, run in place--anything that gets your heart rate up so you feel somewhat breathless, says Geralyn Coopersmith, senior national manager at Equinox Fitness. Do it for each 2-minute break (forget the TiVo) during a typical 2-hour TV night and you'll burn an extra 270 calories a day--which can translate to a 28-pound weight loss in a year.
3. Limit high-fat foods
Tag the high-fat/high-calorie foods that are typically your favorites (our top five: cookies, candy, ice cream, potato chips, and fries) and gradually downshift. "If you're eating six of these foods a week, try to go down to five," says Dr. Lutes. Each week, drop another until you're at no more than one or two; at the same time, add in a good-for-you choices like baby carrots, sautéed broccoli, oranges, and other fresh fruits and veggies.
TRY THESE: 17 Snacks That Boost Weight Loss
4. Sign up for e-newsletters
One study from Kaiser Permanente found that people who received weekly e-mails about diet and fitness for 16 weeks substantially increased their levels of physical activity and intake of healthy foods like fruits and vegetables while cutting back on trans and saturated fats. Sign up for Prevention's weekly weight loss newsletters like, "Exercise of the Week," "Eat Up, Slim Down," or "400 Calorie Fix."
5. Walk 5 minutes more
In Dr. Lutes's pilot study, increasing daily activity levels by just a few minutes at a time helped participants lose weight. Eventually, your goal should be to do at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day (burning off about 120 extra calories daily, or 12½ pounds a year), but it doesn't have to be all at once.

6. Add mini strength-training
Basic body-weight exercises like squats and push-ups are a simple way to build more metabolism-revving muscle in minutes, and research shows they're just as effective as hitting the gym. "Your muscles don't know the difference between working against your body's own resistance and on a fancy piece of equipment," says Wayne Westcott, PhD, fitness research director at Quincy College and Prevention advisor. "The one rule to follow is that each exercise should fatigue your muscles within 60 to 90 seconds."
Try this mini-workout: Do 10 reps each of knee push-ups, squats, crunches, lunges, and chair dips. Then gradually increase the number of reps it takes for your muscles to feel fully fatigued.

RELATED: 8 Effective Exercises You're Not Doing
7. Climb 3 extra flights
Have a choice between riding and climbing? Including 2 to 3 minutes of stair climbing per day--covering about three to five floors--can burn enough calories to eliminate the average American's annual weight gain of 1 to 2 pounds a year. It's also good for more than just your waistline: Men who climbed more than 70 flights of stairs a week had 18% lower mortality rates than those who climbed fewer than 20 flights a week, according to one Harvard study. Start with just a couple of flights a day; if you're already a dedicated climber, aim to add three more flights to your daily trek.
8. Take a pedometer with you
Just as you wouldn't leave home without your cell phone, make a pedometer a must-have accessory. Research shows pedometer users take nearly 2,500 more steps a day (over 1 mile, or about 100 calories) than nonusers. Over a year, that's enough to burn off about 10 pounds.
9. Brown-bag it more
You'll save thousands of calories (not to mention hundreds of dollars) over the course of a year. Consider this: A premade chicken Caesar wrap from a chain restaurant has 610 calories, more than 40% of which come from fat, as well as 1,440 mg of sodium (more than half the recommended daily amount). Make your own with presliced deli chicken breast on whole wheat bread with light mayo and romaine lettuce for about 230 calories. You'll cut almost 400 calories and about 520 mg of sodium, which leaves room for a side salad and could still add up to a 28-pound weight loss after a year. "When you make and eat your own food, you not only control the quality and portion sizes but also reduce the amount of sugar, salt, and fat that you're consuming, which can be significantly higher in restaurant fare," says Ashley Koff, RD, a Prevention advisor and nutrition consultant based in Los Angeles.
PLUS: The 25 Best Diet Tips of All Time
10. Obey the 1-mile rule
Americans use their cars for two-thirds of all trips that are less than 1 mile and 89% of all trips that are 1 to 2 miles, yet each additional hour you spend driving is associated with a 6% increase in obesity. Burn calories instead of gas by following this rule: If your errands are less than 1 mile away, vow to walk them at a brisk pace instead of driving. Or park where you can run several errands within a mile instead of moving your car each time. Walk every day and you'll be 13 to 17 pounds lighter next year.

11. Take 10 to eat a treat
Try this strategy to permanently reduce cravings: Portion out one serving of your favorite treat, taking a minute to smell it, look at it, and think about it. Take one small bite. Chew slowly, moving it around your mouth and focusing on the texture and taste, then swallow. Ask yourself whether you want another bite or if that satisfied you. If you still want more, repeat, this time chewing the food 20 times. Continue this eating exercise for as long as you want or until you finish the serving (it should take about 10 minutes).
"When you take the time to slow down and be more mindful of what something really tastes like, you'll feel more satisfied," says Dr. Lutes. "Many of our participants told us that after a while, they didn't enjoy the treat as much as they thought they would, or they were content after just a couple of bites and were better able to stop eating when they were satisfied."

RELATED: 100 Cleanest Packaged Food Awards
12. Eat fruit--don't drink 'em 
 (Way to Go!  Personally  I never make juice for any fruit!- Blog Owner)
Skip juice and eat the whole fruit, instead. You'll not only get more heart-healthy fiber in your diet (3.5 g for a small apple versus .5 g in a glass of juice), you'll also stay satisfied, longer. Research shows that fiber aside, liquid carbohydrates just aren't as filling as solids. "When you chew a food, you generate more saliva, which in turn carries a message to the brain that your gut needs to get ready for digestion," explains Koff. "Drinking doesn't require such digestion, so the body doesn't register that it's full as quickly." Plus there are the extra calories--48% more if you're drinking that juice rather than eating the whole apple. (Do that daily and you may gain up to 4 pounds by year's end.)

13. Get technical support
You know exercising with a friend makes you more accountable (nobody wants to leave a pal stranded on a street corner at 6 AM). But your workouts don't always have to be done face to face. One study found women who had some form of social support, either through in person counseling or an on-line chat group, lost more than 15 pounds over a 9-month period, dropping about 300 calories from their daily diet and walking about a mile more each day than from their starting point.
PLUS: 7 Healthy Lessons Of Fad Diets
14. Go old school with coffee
A regular cup with a dash of milk and even a little sugar has hundreds of fewer calories then the blended drinks, which are practically dessert in a cup. One recent study of about 3,000 purchases from 115 coffee shops in New York City found that servings of brewed coffee or tea averaged about 63 calories (including milk and sugar), while the fancier drinks averaged nearly four times more, with 239 calories. A daily habit can translate to an 18-pound gain over a year.
15. Sleep away weight gain
Make a point of turning in earlier and you'll see weight loss within a week. Research from the University of Pennsylvania found even just a few nights of sleep deprivation can lead to almost immediate weight gain. Scientists asked participants to sleep about 10 hours a night for two days, followed by five nights of sleep restriction and four nights of recovery. After the 11 days, the sleep-deprived group gained almost 3 pounds, compared with a well-rested control group.

BENEFITS OF THE BREADFRUIT - VIRUTUBISHI NDANI YA SHELISHELI

Posted here on 11 March, 2014. 

from: http://www.naturalfoodbenefits.com/display.asp?CAT=2&ID=121

Breadfruit -   SHELISHELI (Kiswahili)

Breadfruit is unlike any other fruit you've eaten before. That's because breadfruit does not have the look, feel or consistency of a typical fruit, but like its name suggests, looks much like bread. When the breadfruit is ripe it is relatively soft and the inside has a yellow, cream colored flesh that resembles bread. The flesh of the breadfruit is somewhat sweet and has a nice fragrant smell.

Health Benefits of Breadfruit

Not only is breadfruit a rich source of energy, breadfruit also contains significantly high amounts of fiber. According to the American Heart Association fiber decreases bad cholesterol and triglycerides which increases heart attack risks. An increased intake of fiber lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol levels in the body, while elevating HDL (good) cholesterol levels in the body. Breadfruit protects the body against heart disease and heart attacks.

Additionally, the fiber found in breadfruit can help those with diabetes to control the disease. Research shows that fiber can control diabetes by reducing the absorption of glucose from the food we eat.

Another health benefit of breadfruit is that breadfruit helps to make our intestines and bowels work properly. Fiber regulates bowel movements and clears out the buildup of junk from our intestines; eating breadfruit on a regular basis can reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.

Breadfruit benefits the body as it contains favorable amounts of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids. These essential fatty acids help the body and mind to develop normally. Fatty acids also stimulate skin and hair growth, regulate our metabolism, promote reproduction and stimulate bone health.

In addition to these health benefits breadfruit also contains Vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron and phosphorus. Further research is being done to uncover even more health benefits of breadfruit. But in the meantime, you can start eating more breadfruit and take advantage of the many health benefits we know it has now.

NATIONAL DEFENCE AUTHORISATION ACT OF USA UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

Due process under duress: Detaining citizens under the USA National Defence Authorisation Act  -    (NDAA)  by Jennifer "Tangerine"  Bolen.
Activists retaliate against the US government by suing them for signing a bill they say goes against the Constitution.  23 August, 2012. inShar
Under the 2012 NDAA bill, citizens could be detained indefinitely without due process [GALLO/GETTY]
The US government seems determined to have the power to do away with due process and Americans' right to a trial. I am one of the lead plaintiffs in the civil lawsuit against the National Defense Authorization Act, which gives the president the power to hold any US citizen anywhere for as long as he wants, without charge or trial. In May, following a March hearing, Judge Katherine Forrest issued an injunction against it; this week, in a final hearing in New York City, US government lawyers essentially asserted even more extreme powers - the power to entirely disregard the judge and the law. Indeed, on Monday, August 6, Obama's lawyers filed an appeal to the injunction - a profoundly important development that as of this writing has been scarcely reported. In the March hearing, the US lawyers had confirmed that yes, the NDAA does give the president the power to lock up people like journalist Chris Hedges and peaceful activists like myself and other plaintiffs. Government attorneys have stated on record that even war correspondents could be locked up indefinitely under the NDAA. Judge Katherine Forrest had ruled for a temporary injunction against an unconstitutional provision in this law - after government attorneys refused to provide assurances to the court that plaintiffs and others would not be indefinitely detained for engaging in first amendment activities. Twice the government has refused to define what it means to be an "associated force", and it claimed the right to refrain from offering any clear definition of this term, or clear boundaries of power under this law. This past week's hearing was even more terrifying: incredibly, in this hearing, Obama's attorneys refused to assure the court, when questioned, that the NDAA's provision - one that permits reporters and others who have not committed crimes to be detained without trial - has not been applied by the US government anywhere in the world - after Judge Forrest's injunction. In other words, they were saying to a US judge that they could not or would not state whether Obama's government had complied with the legal injunction that she had lain down before them.  US Senate passes 'indefinite detention' bill To this, Judge Forrest responded that if the provision has indeed been applied, the United States government itself will be in contempt of court. Government attorneys also, in this hearing, again presented no evidence to support their position - and brought forth no witnesses. I have mixed feelings about suing my government, and in particular, my president, over the National Defense Authorization Act. I voted for Obama. I even had an Obama dance; and I could not stop crying for joy and pride the night he was elected. I defended him for over two years. But no longer. The US public often ignores his actual failings, and more importantly, entirely ignores how, when it comes to the "war on terror", the US government as a whole has been deceitful, reckless, even murderous. We lost nearly 3,000 people on 9/11. Then we allowed the Bush administration to lie and force us into war with a country that had nothing to do with that terrible day: we killed between several hundred thousand [PDF] and one million Iraqi citizens, caused vast harm to our own soldiers and gutted this nation's treasury for a war that never should have happened. Given these crimes, it is no wonder that Bush, Obama, and the US Congress appear now to be far more interested in enacting misguided, "boogieman in every corner" "war on terror" policies that distract citizens from investigating the truth about what we've done, and what we've become, since 9/11. I, like many in this fight, am now afraid of my government. We have good reason to be. Due to the NDAA, Chris Hedges, Kai Wargalla, the other plaintiffs and I are squarely in the crosshairs of a "war on terror" that has been an excuse to undermine liberties, trample the US Constitution, destroy mechanisms of accountability and transparency, and cause irreparable harm to millions. Several of my co-plaintiffs know well the harassment and harm that they incur from having dared openly to defy the US government's narrative: court testimony included government subpoenas of private bank records of Icelandic Parliamentarian Birgitta Jonsdottir, Wargalla's account of having been listed as a "terrorist group", and Hedges' concern that he would be included as a "belligerent" in the NDAA's definition of the term - because he interviews members of outlawed groups as a reporter - a concern that the US attorneys refused on the record to allay. Other advocates have had email accounts consistently hacked, and often find their electronic communications corrupted in transmission - some emails vanish altogether - a now-increasing form of pressure that supporters of state surveillance and intervention in the internet often fail to consider. I've been surprised to find that most people, when I mention that I am suing my president, Leon Panetta, and six members of Congress (four Democrats and four Republicans), thank me - even before I explain what I'm suing them over! And when I do explain the fact that I and my seven co-plaintiffs are suing over a law that suspends due process, threatens first amendment rights and takes away the basic right of every citizen on this planet to not be indefinitely detained without charge or trial, their exuberance shifts, and a deeper gratitude shines through their newly somber demeanours. But this fight has taken a personal toll on many of us, including myself. This winter, as I led the campaign to amend this lawsuit and was working over 80 hours per week to get everything ready, I suddenly ended up in the emergency room, and have subsequently endured six months of a debilitating neurological illness. Thus, I have relied on an international team of volunteers, whose courage and energy has led them successfully to garner support for a lawsuit that is an attempt to restore our most fundamental of liberties. My government seems to have lost the ability to tell - and, perhaps, even to know - the truth about the Constitution any more. I and many others have not. We are fighting for due process and for the First Amendment; for a country we still believe in; and for a government that is still legally bound to its Constitution. If that makes us their "enemies", then so be it. As long as they cannot call us "belligerents", lock us up and throw away the key - a power that, incredibly, this past week US government lawyers still asserted is their right to claim. Against such abuses, we will keep fighting. I am no radical; I am simply a moderate Democrat, suing my out-of-control government. For the sake of people everywhere, I sincerely hope we win. Jennifer "Tangerine" Bolen is the founder and Executive Director of RevolutionTruth, an organisation dedicated to restoring legitimate democracies in part through increasing access to accurate information. Bolen has a background in integrative medicine, holds a Master's degree in Public Health and Policy and has done the core coursework for a PhD in public affairs and governance

U.S.A. LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION (LSC) RELEASES FINDINGS ON LEGAL AID

Posted here on 2/10/2012.

National Pro Bono Task Force to Release Findings and Recommendations in Washington, Boston

Monday, October 1, 2012

A Pro Bono Task Force convened by the Legal Services Corporation (LSC) Board of Directors will release its findings this week at events at the U.S. Capitol and Harvard Law School.
The board charged the task force with identifying and recommending innovative ways to enhance pro bono throughout the country. The report presents the findings and recommendations of the task force’s five working groups: Best Practices-Urban, Best Practices-Rural, Obstacles, Technology, and Big Ideas.
“Strengthening pro bono is essential in this time of reduced legal aid funding and rapidly escalating demand,” said LSC Board Chairman John G. Levi. “This report provides a blueprint to reshape pro bono into a more reliable system that will deploy increased and consistent civil legal assistance to the core areas affecting low-income Americans.”
Rep. Frank Wolf (R-VA) who chairs the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce-Justice-Science, and who will speak at the Washington event, also commented on the report.
“I appreciate LSC’s detailed report and recommendations on enhancing pro bono work around the U.S.,” Wolf said.  “For years, I have been advocating for better pro bono coordination between law firms and LSC.  I want to commend this LSC for rising to the occasion to provide critical leadership on this issue.  Pro bono work is essential to meeting the unmet needs of low-income Americans who deserve fair representation.”
The task force, co-chaired by Dean Martha Minow of the Harvard Law School and Harry J.F. Korrell III of Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, included more than 60 distinguished leaders and experts from the judiciary, major corporations, private practice, law schools, the federal government, and the legal aid community. (See a list of task force members.) 
The task force’s recommendations to LSC and its grantees include:

• Forming a professional association of pro bono coordinators at LSC-funded organizations;
• Asking Congress to create a new Pro Bono Innovation/Incubation Fund modeled on LSC’s successful Technology Initiatives Grant (TIG) program; and
• Developing a fellowship program for new graduates and emeritus lawyers designed to build support for civil legal services and pro bono within firms, law schools, and the legal profession as a whole.

The task force’s requests of bar leaders, the judiciary, and others include:

• Permitting judges to recruit and recognize pro bono attorneys, consistent with their ethical obligations;
• Allowing lawyers to take on limited-representation matters or unbundle services; and
• Allowing lawyers to take on pro bono matters in jurisdictions other than those in which they are licensed to practice.

Read a one-page summary of the report. The full report will be available at www.lsc.gov on Tuesday, October 2.
Release Details:

• The Washington release will take place on Tues. Oct. 2, 5:30 p.m. at the U.S. Capitol Visitors’ Center, Congressional Meeting Room South (CVC-217). Speaking at the event will be: The Honorable Frank Wolf (R-Virginia), Chairman, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science & Related Agencies; LSC Board Chairman John G. Levi, Sidley Austin LLP; Dean Martha Minow, LSC Board and Harvard Law School; The Honorable David S. Tatel, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; Lee I. Miller, DLA Piper; Lisa C. Wood, Foley Hoag LLP and ABA Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants; Harry J.F. Korrell III, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP and LSC Board member; and LSC President James J. Sandman.
• The Boston release will take place on Wed. Oct. 3, 5:00 p.m. at Harvard Law School, Wasserstein Hall, Milstein West (2nd floor).  A panel of task force members will discuss the report. The panelists are: The Honorable Jim Doyle, Harvard Institute of Politics and former Governor of Wisconsin; Robert Grey, Hunton & Williams LLP and former president of the American Bar Association; Nan Heald, Pine Tree Legal Assistance; Mary Ryan, Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP; and LSC President Sandman.

___
LSC was established by the Congress in 1974 to provide equal access to justice and to ensure the delivery of high-quality civil legal assistance to low-income Americans. The Corporation currently provides funding to 134 independent nonprofit legal aid programs in every state, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories.

U.S.A. PLANNED TO BLOW UP THE MOON WITH A NUCLEAR BOMB IN 1950s !!!

 Posted here on  30/11/2012.

"HUU NDIO WENDAWAZIMU ULIOPITILIZA."

U.S. 'planned to blow up Moon' with nuke during Cold War era to show Soviets might

By ANI | ANI –  Mon, Nov 26, 2012

Washington, Nov. 26 (ANI): The U.S. had planned to blow up the moon with a nuclear bomb in the 1950s.

At the height of the space race, the U.S. considered detonating an atom bomb on the moon as a display of America's Cold War muscle.

The secret project, named 'A Study of Lunar Research Flights' and nicknamed 'Project A119,' however was never carried out.

America's planning included calculations by astronomer Carl Sagan, then a young graduate student, of the behavior of dust and gas generated by the blast, the Daily Mail reports.

According to the report, viewing the nuclear flash from Earth might have intimidated the Soviet Union and boosted U.S. confidence after the launch of Sputnik, physicist Leonard Reiffel said.

Under the scenario, a missile carrying a small nuclear device was to be launched from an undisclosed location and travel 238,000 miles to the moon, where it would be detonated upon impact.

The planners decided it would have to be an atom bomb because a hydrogen bomb would have been too heavy for the missile, the report said.

Military officials apparently abandoned the idea because of the danger to people on Earth in case the mission failed, the report added.

The scientists also registered concerns about contaminating the moon with radioactive material, Reiffel said. (ANI)

Posted here

Blood donation collectors thrown out of Israeli parliament

By Ori Lewis

JERUSALEM Wed Dec 11, 2013 6:00pm EST
 

(Reuters) -
 The speaker of Israel's parliament ordered a blood-collection crew to leave the legislature's premises on Wednesday after it turned down an offer of a blood donation from an Ethiopian-born lawmaker.
Knesset member Pnina Tamano-Shata, 32, wanted to donate blood to a routine visit by an ambulance service but was told by a member of the crew that set criteria disqualified her because she emigrated to Israel from Ethiopia at age three.
Israeli Health Ministry criteria bar people born in most African countries since 1977 from donating blood due to a fear that there is an increased risk they may carry the HIV virus.
Tamano-Shata said ministry guidelines determine that Ethiopian-born Jews who emigrated to Israel when they were over two years old are ineligible to be blood donors.
"Clearly, my blood samples are checked, there has never been any cause for concern ... nevertheless, there is an attitude of not bothering to scrutinize (blood donations of Ethiopian immigrants) even though they know that it humiliates an entire community," she told Channel 10 television.
Israeli President Shimon Peres expressed disgust at the incident, saying: "There must not be any differentiation between Israeli people's blood. All Israel's citizens are equal."
Health Minister Yael German described the incident as "a disgrace" and said she would order a public consultation to change the guidelines. A parliamentary committee is set to discuss the incident next week.
The World Health Organization said on its website that surveillance in Ethiopia as of September showed the adult rate of AIDs is estimated at 6.6 percent among a total population of over 90 million people.
In 1996, thousands from Israel's Ethiopian community besieged the office of then-Prime Minister Peres in a violent protest at what they called Israeli racism against blacks.
They demonstrated after discovering that the national blood bank had a policy of throwing out their donations for fear of AIDS. New guidelines were subsequently made public but these still prevent Ethiopian Jews from giving blood.
Israel's community of Ethiopian Jews numbers some 100,000. They moved to Israel after chief rabbis determined in 1973 that the community had biblical roots.
Since 1996, fewer than 10 Jews of Ethiopian origin have made it into Israel's parliament as members if various factions. Some from the community have attained officer rank in the military but complaints of discrimination in schooling and housing are common.
(Editing by Philip Barbara)